Iziteshi ezingaphansi ezingama-33kV

Isingeniso

AIsiteshi esincane esingu-33kViyingxenye ebalulekile kumanethiwekhi okusabalalisa amandla kagesi aphakathi nendawo.

33kVumhlahlandlela weziteshizibalulekile ezinhlelweni eziningi zamandla, okuhlanganisa amagridi okusabalalisa izinsiza, izindawo zezimboni, amaphrojekthi wengqalasizinda, nezinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo.

Lesi sihloko sihlinzeka ngokuhlaziywa okubanzi kweziteshi ezingaphansi ezingama-33kV — isakhiwo sazo, izinhlobo, izingxenye, izinhlelo zokusebenza, imingcele yobuchwepheshe, izinqubo zokuzifaka, nokunye.

1. Izingxenye Ezibalulekile Zesiteshi Esingaphansi esingu-33kV

AIsiteshi esincane esingu-33kVngokuvamile iqukethe izingxenye ezibalulekile ezilandelayo:

a.

• I-voltage eyehlayo isuka ku-33kV iye ku-11kV noma ngaphansi
• Izinhlobo: Okucwiliswe ngamafutha, Uhlobo olomile
• Izici: Ukupholisa okusebenza kahle kakhulu (ONAN/ONAF), ukuvikela ukugcwala ngokweqile

b.

• I-Medium-voltage switchgear yokulawula nokuvikela
• Ama-Circuit Breaker: Ama-Vacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB) noma uhlobo lwe-SF6
• Izinqamuli, Ukushintsha Kwekhefu Lokulayisha, Izihlukanisi, Amaswishi Omhlaba

c.

• Kwenziwe ngethusi noma nge-aluminium
• Ukucushwa: Okukodwa, Okukabili, Uhlobo Lwendandatho
• Iqinisekisa ukubekezelelwa kwamaphutha kanye nokushintshwa kwamandla

d.

• Ama-Overcurrent Relay
• Ukudlulisa Okuhlukile
• I-Earth Fault Relays
• Surge Ababoshwa
• Ama-Fuse

e.

• Amandla okusebenza asendaweni/akude
• Isilawuli sedijithali esilungele i-SCADA
• Izinkomba, ama-alamu, imitha

f.

• I-DC & AC asizayo kagesi
• Amabhange ebhethri
• I-HVAC (yeziteshi ezingaphansi zasendlini)

g.

• Ibalulekile kumishini nokuphepha kwabasebenzi
• I-Mesh earthing noma amasistimu asekelwe kugridi

2. Ithebula Lemininingwane Yezobuchwepheshe

3. Izinhlobo zeziteshi ezincane ezingama-33kV

a.

• Ifanele izindawo zasemakhaya noma ezingasemadolobheni
• Ibiza kakhulu futhi kulula ukuyinakekela
• Idinga ukubiyelwa kanye nezindawo zokuphepha ezifanele

b.

• Iqinile, ivikelwe isimo sezulu
• Ilungele izikhungo zasemadolobheni nengqalasizinda ebalulekile
• Idinga i-HVAC nokucisha umlilo

c.

• Idizayini ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisa i-transformer, i-switchgear, nokuvikela
• Uhlobo lwe-plug-and-play, longa isikhala
• Ivame ukusetshenziswa emapulazini elanga, imibhoshongo ehambayo, kanye nezidingo zokuthunyelwa ngokushesha

d.

• Ifakwe kuma-trailer
• Isetshenziselwa izimo eziphuthumayo, izipele zokuhluleka kwegridi, noma imicimbi yesikhashana

4. Izicelo zeziteshi ezincane ezingama-33kV

Iziteshi ezingaphansi ezingama-33kV zisetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi nasezimisweni zengqalasizinda:

• Izinsiza zokusabalalisa amandla: ukwehla kwamandla kagesi emadolobheni nasezigodini
• Izikhungo ezinkulu zokukhiqiza
• Izitshalo zezimayini nezensimbi
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo: ilanga, umoya, amapulazi ayingxube
• Ezokuthutha: metro, ujantshi (amandla okudonsa)
• Izakhiwo zezentengiselwano: izikhungo zedatha, izitolo ezinkulu
• Izisekelo zezempi nezokuvikela
• Izibhedlela namanyuvesi

5. Izinzuzo zeziteshi ezingaphansi ezingama-33kV

• Ukulahleka kokudlulisela okwehlisiwengenxa yezinga eliphezulu le-voltage
• Ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwengokudluliselwa kokuvikela kwesimanje
• I-Scalabilityokwengezwe amandla esikhathini esizayo
• I-automation-ilungile(SCADA, ukuxilonga okukude)
• Imiklamo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso(AIS, GIS, hybrid)
• Eco-friendlynge-SF6 encishisiwe kanye nokupholisa okuphumelelayo

6. Imihlahlandlela Yokufaka Nokusebenzisa

• Yenza ukuhlolwa kokufaneleka kanye nokumelana nomhlabathi
• Ukuqinisekisa izindawo ezifanele zokuvunyelwa kanye nezokuphepha
• Sebenzisa izisekelo zomphakathi ukuze uthole okokusebenza
• Beka izintambo zokulawula emiseleni enomaka
• Qinisekisa umhlaba kanye nokuqhubeka kokubopha
• Hlola i-relay ngayinye, i-CT, i-PT, ne-breaker njenge-IEC 60255 ngayinye
• Yenza ukuhlolwa kokumelana ne-insulation, ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokuxhumana
• Hlanganisa ne-SCADA (uma ikhona)
• Ukulayisha nokungalayishi amandla

7. Ukuphepha Namazinga

Iziteshi ezincane ezingama-33kV kufanele zihambisane namazinga omhlaba nawendawo:

• I-IEC 62271 - I-switchgear ephezulu ye-voltage
• I-IEC 60076 - Iziguquli zamandla
• IEEE 1584 - Izifundo ze-Arc flash
• I-ISO 45001 - Ukuphepha emsebenzini
• I-IEC 61000 - Ukuhambisana ne-EMC
• Amakhodi weNational Fire Protection Association (NFPA).

8. Emerging Technologies in Substations

• Iziteshi zedijithalinama-IED
• Ukutholwa kwe-arc flashkanye nokudluliselwa kokuvikela
• Ukuxilongwa kwesilawuli kude nge-IoT
• I-Smart switchgearngokulungiswa okubikezelwayo
• Ukuhlanganiswa ne-Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)
• Amaphaneli okulawula e-Cybersecurity aqinile

9. Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (FAQ)

Q1: Yini eyenza iziteshi ezincane ezingama-33kV zilungele ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini?

A1:I-33kV inikeza ibhalansi phakathi kwamandla kagesi aphezulu kanye nosayizi wemishini elawulekayo, okuyenza ingabizi kakhulu ezidingweni zamandla esikali sezimboni.

Q2: Unquma kanjani usayizi wesiteshi esincane esingu-33kV?

A2:Kuncike enanini eliphelele elixhunyiwe, izinhlelo zokunwetshwa zesikhathi esizayo, izibalo zokwehla kwamandla kagesi, nezifundo zezinga lamaphutha.

Q3: Ingabe isiteshi esincane esingu-33kV singasebenza ngemithombo evuselelekayo?

A3:Yebo, amapulazi amaningi elanga nawomoya ayakhuphuka noma ehle amandla kagesi ngokusebenzisa iziteshi ezincane ezingu-33kV ezihlanganiswe neziguquli kanye nokuvikela okuhlakaniphile.

10. Isiphetho

IfaIsiteshi esincane esingu-33kViyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yamandla kagesi yesimanje.

Ukuthi idizayinwe njengamasistimu e-GIS angaphakathi noma iziteshi ezingaphansi ze-AIS ezivulekile zangaphandle, zihlinzeka ngokusebenza kahleStromabaphathi.

Uma uhlela iphrojekthi edinga isiteshi esingaphansi esingu-33kV, thintana nethimba lethu lonjiniyela lochwepheshe ukuze uthole umklamo ongokwezifiso nokusekelwa.