Iziteshi ezincane, ezibuye zibizwe ngokuthi iziteshi ezincane ezakhiwe ngaphambili noma zephakheji, ziyizixazululo ezithuthukisiwe, ezihlanganiswe efekthri ezihlanganisa i-medium-voltage switchgear, ama-transformer, namaphaneli okusabalalisa amandla aphansi endaweni ebiyelwe eyodwa.
Lo mhlahlandlela ungena ekucacisweni kobuchwepheshe, isakhiwo sangaphakathi, izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe, kanye nokusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kwe소형 변전소.
Siyini Isiteshi Esincinyane?
Aisiteshi esincane esihlangeneiwuhlelo oluhlanganiswe ngaphambili, oluvalwe ngokugcwele oluklanyelwe ukuguqula nokusabalalisa ugesi usuka ku-voltage emaphakathi (isb., 11kV noma 33kV) uye ku-voltage ephansi (isb., 400V).
- I-Medium Voltage (MV) Switchgear: Okufana ne-Ring Main Units (RMU) noma i-Air-Insulated Switchgear (AIS).
- Distribution Transformer: Itholakala ekucwilisweni kowoyela noma ekucushweni kohlobo olomile.
- Iphaneli yamandla kagesi aphansi (LV).: Ifakwe ama-MCCB, ama-MCB, noma ama-ACB, ngokuvamile afaka ukulinganisa.
- Indawo ebiyelwe: Yenziwe ngensimbi, i-aluminium, noma ukhonkolo ukuze iqine futhi imelane nesimo sezulu.
PerI-IEC 62271-202, iziteshi ezincane ezihlangene “ziyiziteshi ezingaphansi ezihlanganisiwe zasefekthri, ezihlolwe ngohlobo ezihloselwe ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kumanethiwekhi okusabalalisa umphakathi.”
Ukucaciswa Kwesiteshi Esincinyane Esivamile
Nansi incazelo enemininingwane ye-a1000 kVA 11/0.4kVisiteshi esincane esihlangene, ukukhetha okuvamile kwezicelo zasemadolobheni nezimboni:
| 사양 | Imininingwane |
|---|---|
| Amandla Alinganiselwe | 1000 kVA |
| I-Voltage eyinhloko | 11 kv |
| I-Voltage yesibili | 0.4 kV |
| 변압기 유형 | I-Oil-Immersed or Dry-Type |
| I-MV Switchgear | SF6 Ring Main Unit noma Air-Insulated |
| Iphaneli ye-LV | I-ACB/MCCB/MCB enemitha |
| I-Enclosure Material | Insimbi / i-Aluminium / Concrete |
| 보호 수준 | IP54 (Ngaphandle) |
| 냉각 방법 | I-ONAN (Amafutha Emvelo Yemvelo Yomoya) / ANAF |
| Ukuthobela Okujwayelekile | I-IEC 62271, IEC 60076, IEEE Std C57 |
Qaphela: Imininingwane ingashintshwa ngokwezidingo zephrojekthi.
Isakhiwo Sangaphakathi Sesiteshi Esincane Esincane
Isakhiwo se-akuhlangeneisiteshi esincaneyakhelwe ukuphepha, ukufinyeleleka, nokusebenza kahle.
- Igumbi le-MV: Izindlu SF6 noma i-air-insulated switchgear ukuphatha okokufaka kwe-medium-voltage.
- Igumbi le-Transformer: Iqukethe i-transformer enezici zokuphepha njengezinzwa zezinga lokushisa namasistimu aphansi.
- Igumbi le-LV: Kufaka phakathi ama-circuit breaker, metering, namaphaneli okulawula okukhipha i-voltage ephansi.
Lawa makhompathimenti ahlukaniswa ngezithiyo ezingashi futhi afakwe umoya omncane, amasistimu okucindezela ama-arc, nemisele yamakhebula ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha nokulungisa kalula.
Amazinga Omhlaba Nezimiso Zokuklama
Iziteshi ezincane ezihlangene kufanele zihambisane namazinga omhlaba aqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza nokuphepha.
- I-IEC 62271-202: Ilawula ukuklanywa nokuhlolwa kweziteshi ezincane ezihlanganiswe efekthri ze-HV/LV.
- I-IEC 60076: Icacisa izidingo zama-transformer amandla.
- IEEE C37.20: Izindinganiso zemininingwane ze-switchgear yensimbi.
- Ukucaciswa kwe-TNB (Malaysia): Uhlaka lwezakhiwo zamanethiwekhi ensiza ase-Malaysian.
- I-SANS 1029 (Ningizimu Afrika): Ilawula ukwakheka kwesiteshi esincane esenziwe ngaphambili.
에따르면I-IEC 62271-202, izingxenye zihlolwa okubanzi, okuhlanganisa amandla e-dielectric, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, ukumelana nesifunda esifushane, nokuhlolwa kokuvikela indawo ebiyelwe.
"Iziteshi ezincane ezihlangene ziguqula ukusatshalaliswa kwe-medium-voltage ngokusebenza kahle kwazo nokuzivumelanisa nezimo," kuphawula iphepha le-IEEE Power & Energy Society lango-2021 (umthombo).
Izicelo ze-Compact Substations
Iziteshi ezincaneukugqwesa ezimeni ezidinga ukusebenza kahle kwesikhala nokuthembeka:
- Izindawo zasemadolobheni: Izakhiwo zezentengiselwano, izakhiwo zokuhlala.
- Ezokuthutha: Izikhumulo zezindiza, iziteshi zikamasipala.
- Ubuchwepheshe: Izikhungo zedatha.
- Imboni: Izimboni, izindawo zezimayini.
- Okuvuselelekayo: Amapulazi elanga nawomoya.
- Amaphrojekthi Asemaphandleni: Izinhlelo zokufaka ugesi.
- Izinsiza: Ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla omphakathi.
Idizayini yabo evalekile, eqinile iphinda ifanele izindawo ezibucayi njengezingwadule, izindawo ezisogwini, noma isimo sezulu esibandayo.
Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zeziteshi Ezincane Ezincane
- Ukonga Isikhala: Yehlisa umkhondo ngokufika ku-50% uma kuqhathaniswa neziteshi ezingaphansi ezivamile.
- Ukuthunyelwa Okusheshayo: Kuhlanganiswe kusengaphambili ukuze kufakwe i-plug-and-play.
- Ukuphepha: Ifaka izindawo ezivalekile ezivikela ukuthinta kanye nokuvikela amaphutha e-arc.
- Isondlo Esiphansi: Idizayini ye-modular yenza ukulungisa nokuthuthukiswa kube lula.
- Izici Ezihlakaniphile: Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-IoT okungakhethwa noma kwe-SCADA yokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela.
Isibonelo Somhlaba Wangempela: Isiteshi Esingaphansi Esihlangene Sisebenza
Ngo-2022, aIsiteshi esincane esingu-1500 kVAyafakwa kuphrojekthi yezentengiselwano yase-Dubai ephakeme kakhulu. I-IEC 62271, ingena ngaphandle komthungo endaweni engaphansi eqinile.
“IUmhlahlandlela ohlangeneukuklama kanye nemvelo ehlanganiswe kusengaphambili kusisindise isikhathi esibalulekile nezinsiza,”kuphawule unjiniyela oholayo wephrojekthi.
자주 묻는 질문(FAQ)
IMP: Ngokulungiswa okuvamile—njengokuhlola uwoyela we-transformer nokuhlolwa kwe-switchgear—zingasebenza ngokwethembeka iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25.
A: Ama-transformer acwiliswe ngamafutha ayabiza futhi ayasebenza, kuyilapho amayunithi ohlobo olomile anikeza ukuphepha komlilo okuphakeme, okufanelekile kuzilungiselelo zasendlini.
A: Yebo.
Ihlangenekva compact substation guideukuletha isixazululo esiguquguqukayo, esisebenzayo sokusatshalaliswa kwamandla kwesimanje. I-IEC 62271그리고IEEE C37.20, ehlanganiswe nokusebenza okuqinisekisiwe kuzo zonke izimboni, izenza zibe yinketho ephezulu konjiniyela emhlabeni wonke.
Lapho ukhetha isiteshi esincane esihlangene, qinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho yobuchwepheshe, ukulingana kwemvelo, kanye nobuchwepheshe bomphakeli.
Umbhali Bio
U-Zheng Ji., ungunjiniyela omkhulu kagesi oneminyaka engu-15 yokuhlangenwe nakho ezinhlelweni zokusabalalisa amandla.